Background
Leonardo Torres Quevedo (a.k.a. Leonardo Torres y Quevado), a Spanish engineer, pioneered the development of an electromagnetic apparatus in 1890, which enabled the execution of a rudimentary form of chess gameplay (Britannica, 2024). Although the device’s performance was often suboptimal and slower than human capabilities, its creation demonstrated the feasibility of programming machines to adhere to predetermined rules, thereby laying the groundwork for subsequent research into artificial intelligence.
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References
- Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2024, December 24). Leonardo Torres Quevedo. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonardo-Torres-Quevedo